Gynecomastia, or male breast enlargement, is a condition that is not often discussed, but that can affect as many as 50 percent of all men in varying degrees of severity, often causing some awkwardness and embarrassment. Different prescription medications, steroids, certain medical issues or simple genetics can cause this condition. Often, gynecomastia can be improved by diet and exercise, but in those cases where the condition persists, a man may choose to seek out male breast reduction surgery. This procedure will result in a more flat and smooth chest area, and will ease feelings of self-consciousness.